3-野樱莓：一款被低估多酚含量的小小浆果

继章节2，这篇继续聊聊食用含有多酚的野樱莓有哪些健康益处吧~

多酚的作用

·心脏保护作用：大量研究表明，食用多酚可以限制冠心病的发病率[1][2][3]。动脉粥样硬化是一种慢性炎症性疾病，发生在中型动脉的病变易发区域。动脉粥样硬化病变可能存在并在临床上无声数十年，然后变得活跃并产生病理状况，例如急性心肌梗死、不稳定型心绞痛或心源性猝死。多酚是LDL 氧化的有效抑制剂，这种类型的氧化被认为是动脉粥样硬化发展的关键机制[4]。多酚可能预防心血管疾病的其他机制是抗氧化、抗血小板、抗炎作用以及增加高密度脂蛋白和改善内皮功能[5]。多酚也可能有助于稳定动脉粥样硬化斑块。

·抗癌作用：多酚对人类癌细胞是有保护的作用，并诱导肿瘤数量或抑制其生长[6]。这些影响已在不同部位观察到，包括口腔、胃、十二指肠、结肠、肝脏、肺、乳腺或皮肤。许多多酚，如槲皮素、儿茶素、异黄酮、木脂素、黄烷酮、鞣花酸、红酒多酚、白藜芦醇和姜黄素;它们都在某些模型中显示出保护作用，尽管发现它们的作用机制不同[7]。

·抗糖尿病作用：许多研究报道了多酚的抗糖尿病作用。茶儿茶素的抗糖尿病潜力已被研究[8][9]。

多酚可能通过不同的机制影响血糖，包括抑制葡萄糖在肠道中的吸收或外周组织的吸收。以麦芽糖作为葡萄糖来源，观察到10 mg/kg 饮食剂量的二乙酰化花青素（diacetylated anthocyanins）的降糖作用，但未观察到蔗糖或葡萄糖[10]。这表明这些作用是由于肠道粘膜中α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制。还观察到儿茶素在约 50 mg/kg 饮食中对大鼠 α-淀粉酶和蔗糖酶的抑制作用。

·抗衰老作用：研究表明，水果和蔬菜中发现的抗氧化/抗炎多酚化合物的组合可能显示出抗衰老化合物的功效[11][12]。

被称为花青素的类黄酮亚群在颜色鲜艳的水果中特别丰富，例如浆果、康科德葡萄和葡萄籽。花青素是水果颜色的原因，它们已被证明具有强大的抗氧化/抗炎活性，以及抑制脂质过氧化和炎症介质环加氧酶 （COX）-1 和 -2[13]。

·神经保护作用：由于多酚本质上具有高度抗氧化性，因此食用它们可能会为神经系统疾病提供保护。据观察，与饮酒较少或根本不喝酒的人相比，每天喝三到四杯葡萄酒的人患痴呆和阿尔茨海默病的几率降低了80%[14]。研究发现，每周至少食用 3 次含有高浓度多酚的水果和蔬菜，可能在延缓阿尔茨海默病众发挥重要作用[15]。因为水果和蔬菜中的多酚会影响和调节多种细胞过程，如信号传导、增殖、细胞凋亡、氧化还原平衡和分化。

除此之外，多酚还显示出其他几种有益健康的影响。其中包括膳食多酚在治疗哮喘方面起到预防作用[16]。

茶中存在的多酚，当口服或局部使用时，可以改善紫外线照射后的不良皮肤反应，包括皮肤损伤、红斑和脂质过氧化[17]。红茶多酚有助于肠道对矿物质的吸收，并具有抗病毒活性[18]。

文献

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